The World War I And The Soviet Union - 1696 Words

The intermission between the two world wars was fraught with the rise of militaristic, dictatorial factions in Germany, Spain, Italy, Japan, and the Soviet Union. By the time the Olympic torch was lit in Berlin in 1936, all of these nations were either firmly under the grasp of an authoritarian regime or engaged in a civil war destined to be quickly dominated by a fascist party. In response to both the advance of authoritarianism abroad and the horrors of World War I, the United States more ambitiously pursued isolationism as the solution to international affairs. As the country focused more on domestic issues because of both the swelling isolationist sentiment and eventually the Great Depression, the racial boundaries created by the†¦show more content†¦In the 1936 Summer Olympic games in Berlin, Jesse Owens sizably undermined the idealism of Aryan dominance, carrying the African American community to an unprecedented level of honor. The American icon was able to succes sfully alter racial tensions by growing out of the sharecropping industry, creating new opportunities for blacks in sports, shattering world records and German hopes, bringing honor to the black community, and receiving national recognition throughout his lifetime. By escaping the harsh sharecropping industry, Jesse Owens embodied the vision of African American freedom. Owens grew up poor; his family constantly had to scrap minimal amounts of nutrition to survive while living in a small shack in the fields in Oakville, Alabama. Jesse’s mother, Emma Owens, believed that the family should look for a new life in the North and the family awaited their future after a train ride to Cleveland, where Jesse would begin his case for superstardom (Schaap). At the time of the Owens departure, blacks around the nation sought to engage in opportunities in the North due to the fading success of the sharecropping industry. Growing out of this hardship, the Owens family became recognized as nationwide icons and gave needed morale to the black community whose individuals often found themselves struggling to leave the sharecropping industry. Although Henry Owens was unable to find a steady employer, Jesse’s

Chaucers View of Women Exposed in The Canterbury Tales

Often, the most memorable female characters are those who break out of the stereotypical â€Å"good wife† mold. When an author uses this technique effectively, the woman often carries the story. In Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales, he portrays the Wife of Bath, Alison, as a woman who bucks the tradition of her times with her brashness and desire for control. Chaucer effectively presents a womans point of view and evokes some sympathy for her. In the authors time, much of the literature was devoted to validating the frailties of women. However, in this story, the Wife is a woman who has outlived four of five husbands for â€Å"of five housbodes scoleying† (P50) is she. She holds not her tongue, and says exactly what she thinks, even if†¦show more content†¦She states that â€Å"In wifhood wol I use myn instrument/As freely as my Makere hath it sent† (P155). She displays her ruthless side when she makes her cheating husband, the fourth, think that she is cheating and revels in this victory by saying â€Å"in his own greece I made him frye† (P493). It is obvious that the Wife of Bath is no submissive woman who thinks what she is told to think. She is opinionated and blunt, qualities which present her views accordingly. As she is not docile, the Wife must be something to the contrary, and of course she is, to a great degree. The Wife strives to gain complete mastery over her husbands. And gain mastery she does as â€Å"[she] hadde hem hoolly in myn hand/And sith that they hadde yiven me al hir land/What sholde I take keep hem for to plese/But it were for my profit and myn ese† (P217). The Wifes secret is simple, â€Å"For half so boldely can ther no man/Swere and lie as a woman can† (P234). She does something to every husband to maintain her control. However, Jankyn, her fifth husband, believes in everything that disparages women, which is exactly what Alison detests. She lashes out with all she has left: â€Å"[she] with [her] fist so took him on the cheeke/That in oure fir he fil bakward adown† (P799). Her deceptive scheme is to pretend to die from the blow dealt by Jankyn. â€Å"And with his fist he smoot [her] on the heed/That in the floor I layShow MoreRelatedThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1073 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer introduced and described a variety of fictional characters that lived in the Middle Ages. It was the time period that European civilians were governed by a system called feudalism. Where kings were the head of the system and everyone was categorized in social classes. In the prologue of The Canterbury Tales the first character introduced was the knight. Geoffrey Chaucer depicts the knight correctly by characterizing him as a chivalrous and honorable man,Read MoreGeoffrey Chaucers Use of Characterization Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pagesappealed to those of all walks of life. Chaucer’s work resulted in mass appeal because it used many forms of characterization to present the characters to the reader. In Geoffrey Chaucer’s Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, Chaucer uses thought s and actions, his word, and satire to characterize The Squire and The Wife of Bath. Geoffrey Chaucer is well known for his use of characterization in his works. A notable work of Chaucer was Prologue to the Canterbury Tales. This piece was notable because it appealedRead More Chaucers Views Exposed in The Canterbury Tales Essay1080 Words   |  5 PagesChaucers Views Exposed in The Canterbury Tales    The Canterbury Tales were written and pieced together in the late 1380s, early 1390s.   The author of the book is Geoffrey Chaucer.   When considering the structure of the tales, one can deduce that they were put together using Framework Narrative, a very unique style of writing.   The opening prologue speaks of 29 pilgrims, including Chaucer, who are all on a pilgrimage to Canterbury. All of them are seeking a certain shrine for spiritualRead MoreEssay on Comparing the Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale569 Words   |  3 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer’s poem The Canterbury Tales a young Chaucer tells of the people he meets on a pilgrimage to the shrine of Saint Thomas Beckett in Canterbury. One of the most vivacious characters on the pilgrimage is The Wife of Bath. Both the Wife of Bath’s prologue and tale share a common theme of a woman’s control in a relationship with a man. The Wife of Bath and the old hag in her tale share a similar perspective on w hat women want most in life. In the prologue and tale the reader is exposed to theRead MoreThe Use Of Satire In The Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1406 Words   |  6 Pages Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, using his characters as the mouthpiece for his iconoclastic views. Chaucer had serious issues with the hypocrisy of the church as well as, many other sacred institutions. The only reason that Chaucer was not exiled or even imprisoned for his views is the way in which he exposed them. Through the allegorical meanings of this text and Chaucer’s claim that he is simply retelling the events of his pilgrimage to Canterbury as it occurred, Chaucer is savedRead More Powerful Satire in Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay3466 Words   |  14 PagesPowerful Satire in The Canterbury Tales If one theme can be considered overriding or defining throughout Medieval European society, it would most likely be the concept of social class structure. During this early historical period in Europe, most of society was divided into three classes or estates: the workers, the nobles, and the clerics. By Chaucers time, however, the powerful estate structure had begun to wear down. Weaknesses in the system became apparent, as many people, such as ChaucerRead MoreGood and Evil in Dante’s Divine Comedy and Chaucer’s The Wife of Bath1877 Words   |  8 Pagestwo opposing thought processes can be seen by looking at Dante’s Divine Comedy, and Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales: The Wife of Bath. Even though Dante and Chaucer never met, Dante died nineteen years before Chaucer was born, Dante inadvertently became Chaucer’s life long mentor. Dante’s severe spirit turned out to be far more harsh than Chaucer’s mild nature, however Dante’s protà ©gà ©, Boccaccio, became one of Chaucer’s greatest inspirations. While under Boccaccio’s wing Chaucer learned an appreciationRead MoreCharacters in the General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales Essay1220 Words   |  5 PagesThe Canterbury Tales are essentially a Chaucerian satire; the author sets out to deliberately upset the social order present at the time and proceeds to mock the faults innate in the characters. Chaucer gives a compressed view of characters such as the Knight and the Monk; in their descriptions, a preview of the kind of stories we can expect from these people is given. Take for example the Miller; his physical description alleviates him as a thick brute with a filthy mouth that was `moost of sinRead MoreThe Characters in The Canterbury Tales Essay4000 Words   |  16 PagesThe Purpose of the   Characters in The Canterbury Tales      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The characters introduced in the General Prologue of The Canterbury Tales each represent a stereotype of a kind of person that Chaucer would have been familiar with in 14th Century England. Each character is unique, yet embodies many physical and behavioral traits that would have been common for someone in their profession. In preparing the reader for the tales, Chaucer first sets the mood by providing an overall idea of the typeRead MoreThe Wife Of Bath, By Geoffrey Chaucer Essay1487 Words   |  6 PagesThe fetters of marriage and misogynist rhetoric plagued women during the 14th century, as they were subverted into a secondary class position that deprived them of agency and sexual satisfaction. Throughout Geoffrey Chaucer’s â€Å"Canterbury Tales,† the Wife of Bath provides didactic social commentary on the discrepancies between marriage and virginity and expounds the idea of giving sovereignty to women in relationships. Although the Wife of Bath is portrayed and characterized to some antifeminist stereotypes

Pablo Picasso Free Essays

Picasso works were influenced by Yawners Turbid De Hernandez Professor Michael Cain English Composition II April 10, 2013 Many of Picasso works are influenced by his father who was a painter, for the death of his close friend Carols Cameras, and also for the World War I (Spanish civil war- Queering). Picasso love for art was somewhat genetic. His father, Jose Uric Balsas, was a painter as well and he loved art. We will write a custom essay sample on Pablo Picasso or any similar topic only for you Order Now Picasso was quick to express his desire for art. Picasso father began teaching him to draw and paint from early childhood, and by the time he was 13 years old his painting were already better than his father’s. He lost all desire to do any schoolwork and instead spent the school days doodling in his notebook. Picasso recalled, â€Å"For being a bad student, they would send me to the cells, I loved it when they sent me there, because I could take a pad of paper and draw nonstop. † (A+E Television Networks, 1996-2013 ). Other influence in his work was when his close friend Carols Cameras died. He felt lonely and deeply depressed over the death of his friend, he painted scenes of poverty, isolation and anguish using exclusively blues and greens. This was Picasso Blue Period – 1901-1904. The subject matter for this period was poor people of the streets, beggars, prostitutes, drunks and poor gaunt people. He also depicted old and sick people and despairing lovers. The paintings showed themes of alienation, poverty and psychological depression. The mood of the paintings were somber and were influenced by his time in Spain, a visit to the Saint Lazars women’s prison and also the suicide of his friend Cameras. Picasso most famous work, Queering is certainly the his most powerful political statement, painted as an immediate reaction to the Nazi’s devastating casual mobbing practice on the Basque town of Queering during Spanish Civil War. Queering was a unique painting for Picasso to create because he never wanted to be influenced by the outside world. Historians argue that Queering is the exception and Picasso allowed him-self to be influenced and expressed his views. Queering shows the tragedies of war and the suffering it inflicts upon individuals, particularly innocent civilians. This work has gained a monumental status, becoming a perpetual reminder of the tragedies of war, an anti-war symbol, and an embodiment of peace. On completion Queering was displayed around the world in a brief tour, becoming famous and widely acclaimed. This tour helped bring the Spanish Civil War to the world’s attention. Queering is a town in the province of Biscayne in Basque Country. During the Spanish Civil War, it was regarded as the northern bastion of the Republican resistance movement and the epicenter of Basque culture, adding to its significance as a target. In 26 April 1937, warplanes of the German Condor Legion, commanded by Colonel Wolfram von Ricocheted, bombed Queering for about two hours. After the bombing, Picasso was made aware of what had gone on in his country of origin. At the time, he was working on a mural for the Paris Exhibition to be held in the summer of 1937, commissioned by the Spanish Republican government. He deserted his original idea and on 1 May 1937, began on Queering. (www. Pillowcases. Org. , 2009-Present ) Picasso works were important in the Art. Picasso produced a painting unlike anything he or anyone else had ever painted before. Less Demolishes Davidson† (1907), is considered the precursor and inspiration of Cubism, an artistic Tyler pioneered by Picasso. By 1911 Picasso was recognized as the inventor of Cubism, which is breaking down objects or people in to somewhat geometric forms to form the composition. Then, from 1927 Picasso became caught up in a new philosophical and cultural movement, Surreali sm, whose artistic manifestation was an offspring of his own cubism. Pablo Picasso stands alone as the most celebrated and influential painter of the twentieth century. His technical mastery, creativity and profound empathy distinguish him as a revolutionary artist. How to cite Pablo Picasso, Papers

Human Trafficking Outline Speech free essay sample

I will have a picture on the big screen and ask to the audience: â€Å"what would you say if you are in another country. I am a totally stranger to you, I come up to you and offer you your dream job? The job that you always wanted. Would you accept it? But there is only one condition; you will need to leave your country and everything else that you have to come to America with me as soon as possible. Would you still accept the job? B. (thematic statement): Today I will be talking about human trafficking and how this horrible thing started. C. (establish significance): Human trafficking is a modern-day form of slavery of the 21st century. According to www.humantraffickinged.com, an estimated of 27 million people are in modern-day slavery across the world. Anywhere between 700,000 to 2 million people are trafficked across international borders each year. 80% of these victims are women and children. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Trafficking Outline Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page D. establish credibility): Sadly a lot of people and especially people from other countries would accept the perfect job that I just offered you at the beginning, but they really don’t know where they are getting their selves into. E. (preview of main points): My main points will be: how human trafficking started, the types of human trafficking, and the things these poor victims have to go through. [transition]: According to www.hrusa. org the trafficking of humans has actually dated back over 400 years ago. II. BODY: How did human trafficking start? A. (main point #1): a. Africans were carried over the Atlantic and exported to different parts of the world as bonded labor. b. People were sold into slavery for physical pleasures as well as physical labor c. Britain was the main country to push for an end to African slave trade and it did stop in the year of 1833 from British colonies. d. By then human trafficking and slave has made many colonies and nations economy rich. [transition/with signposting]: Now that you know how human trafficking began, let’s begin to define the different types of human trafficking. Types of Human Trafficking a. According to www. saastucson. om there are two main types of human trafficking which they are: sex trafficking and labor trafficking. Sex trafficking: is when a person is forced to perform commercial sexual acts and also when the person is under the age of 18 years old. Some examples of sex trafficking would be: Forced prostitution of adults Any type of child prostitution Forced marriage Labor trafficking: involves, transporting, harboring, providing, or purchasing a person for labor or services through the use of force, fraud, or pressure. Some examples of labor trafficking would be: Farms under violence Domestic slavery such as maids and nannies Sweatshops Fraudulent labor contracts that keep people in bondage through an ever increasing debt. Labor trafficking can happen in any industry including: Agriculture Manufacturing Restaurant work Construction Fishing Mining Custodial work Sex and labor trafficking could happen at the same time with the same person. For example: A woman could be trafficked primarily into prostitution (sex trafficking) might also be forced to clean or cook at the same time (labor trafficking). Another two types of human trafficking would be: Child soldier: which it occurs when a person under the age of 18 is forced to fight in a national army or rebel militia. Organ trafficking: Organ trade is the trade involving human organs for transplantation. There is a worldwide shortage of organs available for transportation, possibly a result of regulations forbidding their trafficking. transition /with signposting]: Now that you know how human trafficking began and the types of human trafficking, let’s learn the things that these poor victims have to go through. C. (main point #3) The things that human trafficking victims have to go through. According to www. soroptimist. org trafficking victims are often passed among multiple traffickers. They are taken away from their home countries unaware of the destination. b. Trafficking victims go through several stages of degradation, physical, and psychological torture, and deprived of sleep and food. c. In order to keep women captive hey are told their families and children would be harmed or murdered. d. Human traffickers often â€Å"drug† their victims to keep them disoriented.

attatchment disoreder theory essays

attatchment disoreder theory essays Attachment or bonding is the developing relationship established between a primary caregiver, usually the mother, and her child. Attachment behaviors begin early in life. This narrow age limit is often called the critical period. This trusting relationship developed in infancy forms the foundation for a child's development. If a child has a secure attachment, he will grow up to view the world as a safe place and will be able to develop other emotions. It has become more and more apparent that a healthy attachment is most important in human development. Why do some children survive and even rebound in the face of adversity? Some children are able to adapt and rebound and develop the resources they need to cope. The basic foundations of a child's personality are formed in their early attachment to an adult caregiver. It allows the child to develop trust in others and a reliance on himself. Unless properly treated, unattached children grow up with pain and anger often vented on society. The major threat to attachment is separation. Some families do not have the strength to cope with chronic stress and repeated crises. Probably the single most important factor is the establishment of a secure attachment to the primary caregiver. The secure attachment is favored by a secure, relaxed, supported mother. Family conflict, violence and family breakdown that leads to poverty, threatens healthy child development. A caring parent with reasonable expectations is most likely to help the child develop the optimistic perspective and coping skills they need. Infants seem to rely on their caretakers long before they can indicate attachment with crying. In some hospitals, babies are scheduled to receive regular holdings and cuddling by staff members. Infants who do not receive contact comfort in infancy do not thrive and may not even survive. If the infant's physical and environmental needs are met sufficiently, the infant develo...

History of the Integrated Circuit (Microchip)

History of the Integrated Circuit (Microchip) It seems that the integrated circuit was destined to be invented. Two separate inventors, unaware of each others activities, invented almost identical integrated circuits or ICs at nearly the same time. Jack Kilby, an engineer with a background in ceramic-based silk screen circuit boards and transistor-based hearing aids, started working for  Texas Instruments  in 1958. A year earlier, research engineer  Robert Noyce  had co-founded the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation. From 1958 to 1959, both electrical engineers were working on an answer to the same dilemma: how to make more of less. What we didnt realize then was that the integrated circuit would reduce the cost of electronic functions by a factor of a million to one, nothing had ever done that for anything before - Jack Kilby Why the Integrated Circuit Was Needed In designing a complex electronic machine like a computer it was always necessary to increase the number of components involved in order to make technical advances. The monolithic (formed from a single crystal) integrated circuit placed the previously separated transistors, resistors, capacitors and all the connecting wiring onto a single crystal (or chip) made of semiconductor material. Kilby used germanium and Noyce used silicon for the semiconductor material. Patents for the Integrated Circuit In 1959 both parties applied for patents. Jack Kilby and Texas Instruments received U.S. patent #3,138,743 for miniaturized electronic circuits. Robert Noyce and the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation received U.S. patent #2,981,877 for a silicon-based integrated circuit. The two companies wisely decided to cross-license their technologies after several years of legal battles, creating a global market now worth about $1 trillion a year. Commercial Release In 1961 the first commercially available integrated circuits came from the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation. All computers then started to be made using chips instead of the individual transistors and their accompanying parts. Texas Instruments first used the chips in Air Force computers and the Minuteman Missile in 1962. They later used the chips to produce the first electronic portable calculators. The original IC had only one transistor, three resistors, and one capacitor and was the size of an adults pinkie finger. Today an IC smaller than a penny can hold 125 million transistors. Jack Kilby holds patents on over sixty inventions and is also well known as the inventor of the portable calculator (1967). In 1970 he was awarded the National Medal of Science. Robert Noyce, with sixteen patents to his name, founded Intel, the company responsible for the invention of the microprocessor, in 1968. But for both men, the invention of the integrated circuit stands historically as one of the most important innovations of mankind. Almost all modern products use chip technology.

Capstone Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Capstone Project - Research Paper Example However while eBay is a consumer-to-consumer trade platform, Amazon.com relies mainly on the producer-to-consumer trade model and also offers many own products and services. The other two main competitors for Amazon.com from the books/publications field and the multimedia provision field are Barnes & Noble and Netflix respectively. The company is headquartered in Seattle, Washington and employs more than a hundred thousand people. The company was founded by Jeff Bezos who remains its chairman, president and chief executive officer. Vision and Mission The self-stated mission of the company is to â€Å"be Earth’s most customer-centric company, where customers can find and discover anything they might want to buy online, and endeavour to offer its customers the lowest possible prices.† And while there is no articulate vision, given by the shareholders or founder of the company, to be followed by the staff, there are several references in the official publically available d ocuments of the company to the drive towards technological innovation. There is no doubt that of all the businesses aiming or claiming to provide customers a wide variety of choice of products or services, Amazon.com, the world’s largest online retailer, is the truest to its mission statement. While it started off as an online bookstore, Amazon.com soon started offering multimedia products such as videos, films and music and later on got into the markets of various consumer products such as software, video games, electrical appliances, garments, cutlery, decoration items, sports goods and eatables etc. In the present day, Amazon.com offers many products and services of its own such as the market leading e-book reader (Kindle) and cloud networking services. The focus on customary offerings of Amazon.com can also be realized by the fact that the company operates specialized websites in Japan, Canada, United States, India, United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Mexico, France, Australi a, Brazil, China and Spain and has plans for such websites in Sweden, Holland and Poland as well. E-commerce is a an extension of physical trade over the internet and e-commerce companies such as Amazon.com do not reflect the kind of technological innovation that is generally appreciated of a web-based enterprise such as an internet social network. That is because the focus is still on trading of tangible goods and hence the trading represents the area of business rather than technology or the internet which is just a conduit for the trade. Neither Amazon.com’s strategies nor its staff are known to be technologically advanced or innovative in the contemporary sense. Similarly while the focus on low pricing is highlighted by the mission statement of Amazon.com, just as it is in the written objectives of innumerable businesses, there is no special initiative that offers a cost advantage to customers or targets the lower classes of consumers other than the need-based policy of c ompetitive pricing. There is however a recently launched program that incorporates the ideas of both innovation and financial advantage for the customers called the â€Å"Subscribe & Save† program. The subscription offered by the program is open to consumers in most of Amazon.com’s operating regions and includes all household and other bulk-purchasable goods. Through this program consumers are offered up to a fifteen percent discount and free

A Contrastive Study between English and Arabic Prepositional Phrases Essay

A Contrastive Study between English and Arabic Prepositional Phrases - Essay Example This problem also has pedagogical implications, as a better understanding of the problems faced by students during translation can enable teachers to better address the problem. This study could therefore prove useful in the field of language education, particularly for teaching EFL to Arab students.Ho-Abdullah & Hasan’s (2009) study also examined issues concerning English prepositions when translated into Arabic and vice versa. However, it was concerned solely with the preposition explaining how its translation reflects the use of different conceptual mapping domains. Moreover, this study only involved 75 Iraqi secondary school students, so it was focused on the translation difficulties faced by Arabic speaking students when translating from English into Arabic. In Habash’s (1982) earlier study on the use of English prepositions by Arab students, the errors made in using prepositions were categorised according to their number of occurrences. While this is useful, agai n the focus was on teaching English to Arabic students in order to improve their English. Moreover, the analysis of translations was based on existing and formal written work rather than under experimental conditions.This study attempts to compare and analyze English and Arabic prepositional phrases in terms of their functions, uses, order and meanings. It also attempts to illustrate similarities and differences between English and Arabic prepositional phrases as not every prepositional phrase.... This includes difficulties related to pronunciation (Al-Saidat, 2010), various reading difficulties (Patil, N.d.), and so on. This study will be concerned with difficulties encountered in translating prepositional phrases. The preposition is a key component of the prepositional phrase so the difficulty in translating the latter is often due to difficulty with the preposition itself. The difficulty of translating prepositions from English into Arabic can be illustrated by the contrast between and . Whereas suggests a position, suggests a movement, but in Arabic, would be used in both cases, so Arabs may find it difficult to differentiate between them. The Arabic thus has a much wider domain for its usage, and it can also be used for expressing , , , etc. On the other hand, Arabic prepositions are purely spatiotemporal prepositions whereas English prepositions actually function as either proper prepositions, substantive-derived locative (directional) adverbs, or as particles (Lindstrom berg, 2010, p. 23). Hence, the English concept of a preposition is wider in scope than in Arabic. The nature of the errors tends to be errors of omission, substitution, or redundant usage. Prepositions also pose a problem for machine translations in translating English noun phrase into Arabic (Shaalan et al., 2004) so the problem is not unique to human translation. Also, the problem is by no means peculiar to Arab students. English prepositions are notorious for being problematic for many EFL students. As Pittman (1966 in Mickiewicza, 1993, p. 181) remarked, â€Å"Among those who teach or learn the English language, prepositions have earned a reputation for difficulty if not downright unpredictability†. The main

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Reaction paper - Essay Example As there is no means of eliminating the human ability to make errors, it is necessary to first do what can be done to negate or contain the symptoms of the problem by placing safeguards and checks in place that will protect both the patient and the caregiver in ensuring that errors made are caught in time to fix the problem. According to the author of the article, this is exactly what the IOM report was attempting to suggest, but this idea was completely overlooked by those who read it. By putting the medical community on the defensive instead of working with it to try to address problems that arose, the emphasis on blame created a scenario in which medical professionals became fearful of reporting issues and attempted to deal with things on their own. This is comparable to a doctor yelling at a chronic patient for not getting better. It is human nature in that case for the patient to refrain from reporting new symptoms in order to avoid being yelled at, but the problem can only get worse. While it is clearly necessary to report those individuals who are deliberately or negligently endangering patients, as it would be necessary to report a new symptom that restricted breathing, it is pointless to simply assign blame without first addressing the original problem. In introducing the nature of the problem, the report does an excellent job of bringing these issues to the front as a means of redirecting the reader’s attention to the true importance of the report, which are the IOM’s recommendations for safe practices. The article gives a very informative and understandable summary of the IOM report, emphasizing the importance of preventing error through system-wide effort. The causes for error are laid out systematically as are the nine recommendations for reducing the effects of this error. This step-by-step progression of ideas is very logical and the examples provided through each

Infants Secure Attachment To Different Caregivers Social Work Essay

Infants Secure Attachment To Different Caregivers Social Work Essay Experience of early childhood attachment is at the base of healthy child development and works as the framework for the intimate relationship with others. Early manner of communication between the caregiver and child shapes the attachment relationship. The outcomes of infant attachment considered to be long-term and influences generations of families. According to Bowlby who developed theory of infant-caregiver attachment, attachment security characterizes the confidents of infants in their caregiver, and can be observed through how they interact with their caregiver and how they make use of the caregiver as a secure base to explore their environment (Brown, McBride, Shin Bost, 2007). Attachment theory, therefore, has been regarded as the major structure for the research of mother-child attachment, and it also might offer a practical approach for examining attachment development between other caregivers and infants. Nonetheless, in spite of a number of researches on mother-child att achment has conducted, we still are unfamiliar with attachment relationships between other caregivers such as a father and adoptive parents. Because of the socioeconomic changes that have occurred in the United States during the past three decades, more mothers, with infants, work outside the home and, in many cases, new roles for fathers within the home increased, and many couples with a variety of reasons decided to adopt children also increased. Therefore, this paper explores whether an infant can develop secure attachment to a caregiver other than their primary caregiver, usually mother, and then how father and foster mother-infant attachment relationship different from ordinary infant-mother relationship. Importantly, sensitivity has been considered as a key predictor for secure caregiver-infant attachment. Despite the fact that the relatively few researches studying the attachment relationship with fathers, some studies on father-child attachment suggests that fathers can give sensitive care, an important factor for developing secure attachment, for their children as much as mothers can; therefore, the level of attachment between father and child appears to be comparable to that usually found with mothers (Brown et al., 2007). Moreover, Brown et al. (2007) found that when fathers employed favorable parenting activities, father involvement time does not seem to affect on secure father-child attachment. More specifically, infants tended to form quite secure attachment relationships despite the fact that either their fathers were more involved or disinvolved. When fathers, on the other hand, employed less sensitive child-rearing, increased father involvement was associated to an insecur e father-child attachment (Brown et al., 2007). Therefore, father-child attachment is influenced by fathersà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ parenting quality, and increased involvement is better for building attachment only when it accompanied by positive parenting. In addition, another research showed that fathers who valued the parental role were more tend to have a secure attachment with infants, but this connection was marked only when fathers have positive marriage, conceivably because these fathers are more prone to be given helping hand from their partner (Wong, Mangelsdorf, Brown, Neff Schoppe-Sullivan, 2009). Yet interestingly, fathers who valuing the paternal caregiving role might promote secure attachment of temperamentally difficult infants, for such fathers may be tend to support them with daily child-rearing activities and be adjusted to emotional needs of their infants as well as their other demands. Accordingly, temperamentally difficult babies would be more prone to attach securely to fathers in this circumstance. Even though all adopted children go through a stressful disjointing from their attached figures and are replaced with new attachment figures in the foster family, they are also able to develop and become attached to their fostering families. Jeffer and Rosenboom (1997) examined 80 mothers and their infant from all over the world, adopted between at age of 6 month and 8 month olds, in the Strange Situation when they were 12 and 18 months to evaluate their attachment. According to their study, they found more secure infant-mother attachment than insecure attachment relationship as normally expected. The actual proportion of secure attachment at both 12 and 18 months were approximately 75%, so secure attachments observed this research seemed to be stable over time (Juffer Rosenboom, 1997). Another study of attachment between foster parents and infant also demonstrated that quality of mother-infant attachment in middle-class foster families was comparable to the result of families with only biological children; however, interracial adoption were more likely to have less secure caregivers- infants attachment (Singer, 1985). It might be explained by which families who adopt children of a different race than themselves are less likely to receive hearty support from extended family, friends, and neighbors than are families who adopt children of the same race. Higher rates of insecure attachment also have found among infants who spent as a minimum of 8 months in a Romanian orphanage and then placed to foster families. Infants who adopted at an earlier age, by contrast, do not appear to have an elevated rate of insecure attachment to their adoptive parent (Chisholm, 1998). From these results, although adopted age of infants seems to be a critical factor whether they develop secure or insecure attachment to foster patents, adopted infants are capable of attaching to their new caregiver, and in turn, adoptive parents are responsive enough so that they can meet their adopt ed babiesà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ needs and be a their lighthouse as well. Since infants can develop securely attached relationship to other caregivers, the long term effects such as resiliency to new environments and having positive behaviors and expectances are assumed to be similar to which mother-infant relationship likely to have. Even though the comparison of attachment in foster and non-foster families was reasonably resemble, the outcome sometimes do not exclude the potential importance of insecure or disrupted post-infancy family relationships as a source for the adjustment problems of the adoptee. The study showed that when children reached to school age, they faced to the reality of adoption and begins to be aware of their circumstances, including being abandoned by their parents. Consequently, they often feel frustrated, doubtful, and become insecure to their current families relationship (Singer, 1985). Nonetheless, it appears that the higher occurrence of troubles accounted later on in such families cannot be explained only by attachment probl ems of earlier life because early secure attachment counteracts to these problems and buffers the negative emotion to some degree. In conclusion, infants can develop secure attachment not only to their mothers but also other caregivers, including fathers and adoptive parents. It seems that infants can become attached to any caregivers, provided that those caregivers interact with them on a regular basis, provide physical and emotional care, and are emotionally invested in the child. Sensitivity plays crucial role in secure attachment development between caregiver and infant; on the other hand, the amount of time parents involves in parenting appears to be less related to secure attachment development. The similar positive outcome of secure attachment can be expected to the attachment relationship among father- and adoptive parents-infant. Children are born prepared to form relationships with those who care for them, and those early experiences influence the relationships that they develop within the family and in the greater world outside of the home. Consequently, relationships affect childrenà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s healthy development, and childrenà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s development, in turn, transforms their later fine relationship.

E.e. Cummings, Poem, Anyone Li Essay -- essays research papers

E.E. Cummings "anyone lived in a pretty how town" I first read this poem and I thought of love, two people in love. Anyone and noone are in love and that is what matters to them, to be in love with each other and with life. It involves the day, the night, and how the weather changes. The seasons revolve and the children grow up to become adults. As I read the poem I realized there were three sections to it. Which consist of anyone and noone, "women and men" in line four, and the children. The first stanza is strange the first time you read it. You do not understand "anyone" is a person and not just anyone. I believe that line six is referring to all of the adults in the town, Cummings does not want us to think of the town people as separate people but as a whole group undistinguishable from on another. This is told in line five where it states "little and small", he is grouping them in very close together. The children are separated into there own group. As they grow through the seasons in lines ni ne, ten, and eleven, they pass on into adulthood. They in essence no longer exist in the poem. The bells ringing might have something to do with them becoming adults, since I do not see them relating to any other parts of the poem. The bells seem to be an important part of the town since they are mentioned in the second line of the poem and those exact lines are repeated in line twenty-four, sixth stanza of th...